student

Open Access Article

1 - The Relationship between Academic Optimism, and Teacher's Emotional Intelligence with the Student's Academic Achievement
Salman Ghanbarlou Masoud Gholamali Lavasani Javad Ejei

The aim of this study was to invertigate the relationship between academic optimism, and teacher's emotional intelligence with the student's academic achievement in Salmas city. For this reason, a sample consisted of 302 subjects have been selected out of about 613 teac More

The aim of this study was to invertigate the relationship between academic optimism, and teacher's emotional intelligence with the student's academic achievement in Salmas city. For this reason, a sample consisted of 302 subjects have been selected out of about 613 teachers in Salmas's educational department by stratified sampling method and completed the Farsi version of the Emotional Intelligence Scale-41 (FEIS-41) and the Teacher’s Academic Optimism Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by stepwise regression analysis and correlation matrix methods. Results indicated that: emotional intelligence and academic optimism have been significant correlation with academic achievement, while teacher,s academic optimism is the stronger predictor for the student,s academic achievement. In the overall sample, trust in parents and students had the greatest role in predicting the student’s academic achievement. Also optimism/mood regulation, a component of emotional intelligence related with student's academic achievement. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The role of perfectionism and positive thinking of parents in Prediction of social skills of the elementary students
لیلا حسینی طبقدهی zeinab asadi

The aim of this study was the role of perfectionism and positive thinking of parents in Prediction of social skills of the elementary students. The research method was descriptive – correlational (regression type). The population of this study was comprised of all eleme More

The aim of this study was the role of perfectionism and positive thinking of parents in Prediction of social skills of the elementary students. The research method was descriptive – correlational (regression type). The population of this study was comprised of all elementary students in Ghaemshar city during 2014-2015 academic year.The sample included 377 students randomly selected by cluster sampling method. To collect data, the questionnaire of perfectionism, positive thinking, and social skills were used. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regressions by SPSS- 18. The results showed that there is significance relation between perfectionism and positive thinking with social skills of the elementary students (p<0/05). The results of multiple regression analysis using simultaneous arrival research showed that perfectionism and positive thinking be explaining 31% of the variance of the total score of social skills, have the ability to predict the criterion variable (p<0/01). These findings indicate the need for serious attention of planner, counselors and authorities to social skills of students. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Academic Engagement in Iranian Highschool Students: A Qualitative Study
Hamid Reza Afrooz Javad Ejei Elahe Hejazi Ali Moghaddamzade

In this research it has been attempted to study the academic engagement and academic engagement attitude conceptualization from the perspective of high school students using qualitative method. Participants in this study were 52 students (26 boys and 26 girls) ages 15 t More

In this research it has been attempted to study the academic engagement and academic engagement attitude conceptualization from the perspective of high school students using qualitative method. Participants in this study were 52 students (26 boys and 26 girls) ages 15 to 17، with on average of 16.40. Two focus groups were formed for boys and two focus groups were constituted for female students. They were then interviewed. Their responses regarding their perception of academic engagement were classified into eight categories as follows: »aquire high scores and high average» ,«practice, repetition and timing,« »strong volition and self regulation» ,«design objective and schematization» ,«interest to task, text book and school» ,«enjoy reading, and learning» ,«attention, and concentration on the task ,«and »learning tactics, and methods«. The results of open and axial coding showed that academic engagement in this period of life of Iranian students contains five categories, cognitive engagement, behavioral engagement, emotional engagement, motivational engagement and agency. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Phenomenological Analysis of Students’ Perception of Teacher’s Effective Features and Actions in Teacher-Student Relationship
Narjes Lari Elahe Hejazi Bahram Joukar Javad Ejei

20.1001.1.18808436.1399.24.93.1.8

This study aims to analyze students’ perceptions of the characteristics and actions of elementary school teachers that affects student teacher relationship. A qualitative phenomenological approach was used to achieve deep description of these characteristics. Semi-struc More

This study aims to analyze students’ perceptions of the characteristics and actions of elementary school teachers that affects student teacher relationship. A qualitative phenomenological approach was used to achieve deep description of these characteristics. Semi-structured interviews, in oral and written format, were conducted with 99 primary school students studying in second to sixth grade (66 girls and 33 boys) who were selected from elementary schools in Shiraz. According to the findings of this study, autonomy support against control, competence, mastery goal support, care, engagement, mutual trust, and support for the class structure are the main themes of the teacher characteristics and functions that affect student teacher relationship. Implication of the findings in interventional plans for teacher-student interaction improvement is discussed in the end. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Explaining Mindfulness based on emotional regulation and Activity of Behavioral Inhibition / Activation Systems in university Students.
ali nozari Mehran Farhadi Mosayeb Yarmohamadi Vasel

Mindfulness is a construct that is Orioginated from the Buddhist texts and Which improves the attention and aware consciousness. It is explained in psychological researches and is integrated in format of different psychological approches Which improves the attention and More

Mindfulness is a construct that is Orioginated from the Buddhist texts and Which improves the attention and aware consciousness. It is explained in psychological researches and is integrated in format of different psychological approches Which improves the attention and aware consciousness. It is explained in psychological researches and is integrated in format of different psychological approches. as a Mental state, Mindfulness is experienced as a promoted awareness/consciousness toward the present moment, regardless of judgment, reactivity and identification with experience. This structure has been defined in psychological research, and has been integrated into various therapeutic approaches. The present study aimed to explain the mindfulness with due attention to emotion regulation and Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Systems among university students. The statistical population of this study is all university students of Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamadan in the academic year 2019-2018. 373 subjects were selected by Convenience sampling method sampling method. Students completed Fariburg mindfulness questionnaire, Caro & White behavioral inhibition / activation systems questionnaire, and Gross & John Emotion regulation Strategies Questionnaire. Pearson correlation and Structural equation modeling were used for data analysis were used To analyze the data. The results showed that behavioral inhibition system has a direct negative effect on Mindfulness(P<0/01). The behavioral activation system has a direct positive effect on mindfulness(P <0.01). Reassessment of excitement has a direct positive effect on mindfulness (P <0.01). Emotional suppression has a direct negative effect on Mindfulness. (P <0/01). According to the findings, it can be concluded that behavioral activation inhibitory system and re-evaluation and Emotional suppression are variables that determine levels of mindfulness. The proposed model has a good fit with the data Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The Role of Perfectionism and Positive Thinking of Parents in Prediction of Social Skills
Zeynab Asadi لیلا حسینی طبقدهی

20.1001.1.18808436.1399.24.93.6.3

The aim of this study was to study the role of perfectionism and positive thinking of parents in prediction of social skills of the elementary students. The research method was descriptive – correlational (regression type). The population of this study was comprised of More

The aim of this study was to study the role of perfectionism and positive thinking of parents in prediction of social skills of the elementary students. The research method was descriptive – correlational (regression type). The population of this study was comprised of all elementary students in Ghaemshahr city during 2014-2015 academic year. The sample included 377 students who were randomly selected through cluster sampling method. To collect data, the Perfectionism Questionnaire of Hewitt and Flett, Positive Thinking Questionnaire of Ingram and Wisnicki, and Social Skills Questionnaire of Matson, Rotatori and Helsel were used. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regressions by SPSS- 18. The results showed that there is significance relation between perfectionism and positive thinking with social skills of the elementary students. The results of multiple regression analysis using simultaneous arrival research showed that perfectionism and positive thinking be explaining 31% of the variance of the total score of social skills, have the ability to predict the criterion variable. These findings indicate the need for serious attention by planners, counselors, and authorities to social skills of students. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Phenomenological study of sedative agents in students of Shahid Bahonar University
مژده علیزاده

The present study was conducted with the aim of "phenomenological study of sedative factors in students of Shahid Bahonar University". Method: This research is in the framework of qualitative and phenomenological research method. Based on this, 14 students of Shahid Bah More

The present study was conducted with the aim of "phenomenological study of sedative factors in students of Shahid Bahonar University". Method: This research is in the framework of qualitative and phenomenological research method. Based on this, 14 students of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman were selected by volunteer-targeted sampling method and semi-structured interviews were conducted with them. Interview analysis was performed using the clustering method. Findings suggest that relaxing factors can be included in the four main themes of interpersonal factors, intrapersonal factors, spiritual factors and environmental factors with 9 sub-themes, according to the lived experiences of students.Also, the factors of deprivation of peace can be included in the four main themes of reducing the morality of citizenship, disturbing thoughts, feelings of rejection and feelings of insecurity with 5 sub-themes. Conclusion: The results of the research indicate that family and spirituality have the most fundamental role in increasing students 'relaxation, and on the other hand, reducing the morality of citizenship and the presence of annoying thoughts in students' minds are the most important factors in deprivation. However, other factors are also important in these two areas. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Teacher student relationship and help seeking: the mediating role of achievement goals and achievement motivation
سمانه سادات موسوی شریف Zahra Naghsh sogand ghasemzadeh

20.1001.1.18808436.1401.26.1.1.8

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between help seeking and teacher student relationship with the mediating role of achievement goals and achievement motivation. The statistical population of this study were students of Tehran province who stu More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between help seeking and teacher student relationship with the mediating role of achievement goals and achievement motivation. The statistical population of this study were students of Tehran province who studied in the seventh and ninth grades in the academic year of 1398-99. The sample of this study were 317 boys and girls students that was chosen by multi-stage cluster sampling and all of them completed the Ryan and Pintrich questionnaire, Murray and Zurich’s teacher student relationship questionnaire, Herman’s achievement motivation questionnaire and Eliot and McGregor achievement goals. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and path analysis. The findings showed that the direct effect of teacher student relationship on achievement motivation and the direct effect of mastery approach on achievement motivation positive and significant. The direct effect of performance avoiding on the help seeking was negative and significant. The in directed effect of teacher student relationship on the help seeking by mediating of mastery approach and performance avoiding was positive and significant, and also the in directed effect of teacher student relationship on the help seeking by mediating of achievement motivation was positive and significant. The results of this study will be useful for education and higher education centers, especially for teachers, to increase the help seeking and teacher student relationship and also motivation among students. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Phenomenological study of sedative factors in students of Shahid Bahonar University
مژده علیزاده Morad YariDehnavi

The aim of this study was "Phenomenological study of sedative factors in students of Shahid Bahonar University". This research is in the framework of qualitative and phenomenological research method. Based on this, 14 students of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman were More

The aim of this study was "Phenomenological study of sedative factors in students of Shahid Bahonar University". This research is in the framework of qualitative and phenomenological research method. Based on this, 14 students of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman were selected through voluntary-purpose sampling method and semi-structured interviews were conducted with them. Interviews were analyzed using the colaizzi method. Findings indicate that relaxing factors according to students' lived experiences can be divided into four main themes: interpersonal factors, intrapersonal factors, spiritual factors and environmental factors with 9 sub-themes Depressing factors can also be placed in the four main themes of reducing citizenship ethics, annoying thoughts, feelings of rejection and feelings of insecurity with 5 sub-themes. The results indicate that family and spirituality have the most fundamental role in increasing the comfort of students, and on the other hand, the reduction of citizenship ethics and the presence of annoying thoughts in the minds of students are the most important factors in depressing. However, other factors are also important in these two areas Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Designing Knowledge Base Mental Education Package and Investigation its Effectiveness on Psychological Well being and Self-esteem among Afghan Adolescents in Iran
Javad Ejei Parvin Mohammadi masoud gholamali lavasani Mansoureh Haj Hosseini

20.1001.1.18808436.1399.24.3.1.8

The purpose of this study was to develop a mindfulness training package and to explore its effectiveness on the wellbeing of Afghan adolescents living in Iran. The population of this study was comprised of all Afghan students (male and female) who were at high school in More

The purpose of this study was to develop a mindfulness training package and to explore its effectiveness on the wellbeing of Afghan adolescents living in Iran. The population of this study was comprised of all Afghan students (male and female) who were at high school in Tehran during 1396-97. The data quantitative and qualitative data were collected using the mixed method data collection. Ryff's Psychological Wellbeing Scale (1989) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (1965) were used in this study. The results of the co-variance analyses indicated that mindfulness training had a significant effect on the wellbeing of participants. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Identifying role of school in constructing the student’s moral identity
hamideh poorteimoori Mansoureh Haj Hosseini Mohammad Khodayarifard

20.1001.1.18808436.1400.25.4.12.8

The present study has been carried out at the aim of investigation of the share of education and school in constructing the student’s moral identity. The qualitative method with a phenomenological approach was utilized to perform the research. The participants were 15 f More

The present study has been carried out at the aim of investigation of the share of education and school in constructing the student’s moral identity. The qualitative method with a phenomenological approach was utilized to perform the research. The participants were 15 female students with the age of 15 to 17 years that were selected with a targeted method based on the principle of saturation or repetition of answers. The tool for data gathering in the present research was the semi-structured qualitative interview with open-ended and standardized questions and the data were analyzed and classified according to Strauss and Glaser's approach. Due to the results, in the family aspect, the parents’ characteristics and their educative methods are effective factors on constructing the moral identity, interplays, and influence of students from the school. In school aspect, the awareness and obligation of laws, the amount and how to encouragement and punishment, the interplay with classmates, the teaching method and personality of teachers, the interplay with school staff, the amount and type of the extracurricular activities, school environment, and also the content of educational books exhibits a significant effect on the constructing the moral identity of the students. Likewise, it can be obtained from the results that in the school aspect, the personality and behavior of teachers, their moral identity, and their obligation to the moral teaching have an indelible effect on the moral identity of the students. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Investigating the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the six-factor model of achievement goals questionnaire in the students of the junior and senior high schools
Mohsen Arbezi Mahboubeh Fouladchang

20.1001.1.18808436.1401.26.4.1.4

The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the six-factor model of achievement goals questionnaire (Elliot et al., 2011) in the students of the junior and senior high schools. In order to investigate the validity and reliability of th More

The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the six-factor model of achievement goals questionnaire (Elliot et al., 2011) in the students of the junior and senior high schools. In order to investigate the validity and reliability of the achievement goals questionnaire in the junior high school students, 279 students in Evaz city (in the south of Fars province) who were studying in the academic year of 2020-2021, were selected by convenience sampling method and responded to the electronic version of the questionnaires of achievement goals (Elliot et al., 2011) and intrinsic motivation (Choi et al., 2010). Also, in order to investigate the validity and reliability of this questionnaire in the second group, 420 students were selected in the same city and academic year using the convenience sampling method and responded to the electronic version of the questionnaires of achievement goals (Elliot et al., 2011), academic self-regulation (Pintrich & DeGroot, 1990) and academic engagement (Reeve, 2013). Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 and AMOS-21 statistical software. The content, construct and convergent validity of the mentioned questionnaire were investigated using the opinion of educational psychology experts, confirmatory factor analysis and correlation coefficients of the component scores with related variables. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to investigate the reliability of the questionnaire. Experts confirmed the representativeness of the questionnaire items to measure the achievement goals in the six-factor model presented by Elliot et al. (2011). The achievement goals model test includes the components of task-approach, task-avoidance, self-approach, self-avoidance, other-approach, and other-avoidance, confirming the six-factor structure of this questionnaire according to the primary research. Also, the logical connection between the components of achievement goals with related variables indicates the convergent validity of this questionnaire. In addition, Cronbach's alpha coefficient confirms the reliability of the questionnaire. In total, the findings of the research show that the Persian version of the mentioned questionnaire is one of the suitable psychometric indicators for measuring the six components of achievement goals in two groups of students of the junior high school and senior high school students; And it has the necessary efficiency to measure the mentioned achievement goals. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Explain the Mindfulness Based on Emotion Regulation and Behavioral Inhibition-Activation Systems in University Students
Ali Nozari Mehran Farhadi Mosayeb Yarmohamadi-Vasel

The present study aimed to explain the mindfulness with due attention to emotion regulation and Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Systems among university students. The statistical population of this study is all university students of Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamadan i More

The present study aimed to explain the mindfulness with due attention to emotion regulation and Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Systems among university students. The statistical population of this study is all university students of Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamadan in the academic year 2018-2019. 373 subjects were selected by Convenience sampling method sampling method. Students completed Fariburg mindfulness questionnaire, Caro & White behavioral inhibition/ activation systems questionnaire, and Gross & John Emotion regulation Strategies Questionnaire. Pearson correlation and Structural equation modeling were used for data analysis were used To analyze the data. The results showed that behavioral inhibition system has a direct negative effect on Mindfulness (P<0/01). The behavioral activation system has a direct positive effect on mindfulness(P <0/01). Reassessment of excitement has a direct positive effect on mindfulness (P <0/01). Emotional suppression has a direct negative effect on Mindfulness. (P <0/01). According to the findings, it can be concluded that behavioral activation inhibitory system and re-evaluation and Emotional suppression are variables that determine levels of mindfulness. The proposed model has a good fit with the data. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Phenomenological Study of Sedative Factors in Students University
Mozhdeh Alizade Morad YariDehnavi

20.1001.1.18808436.1400.25.2.2.4

The aim of this study was “Phenomenological study of sedative factors in students of Shahid Bahonar University”. This research is in the framework of qualitative and phenomenological research method. Based on this, 14 students of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman were More

The aim of this study was “Phenomenological study of sedative factors in students of Shahid Bahonar University”. This research is in the framework of qualitative and phenomenological research method. Based on this, 14 students of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman were selected through voluntary-purpose sampling method and semi-structured interviews were conducted with them. Interviews were analyzed using the colaizzi method. Findings indicate that relaxing factors according to students’ lived experiences can be divided into four main themes: interpersonal factors, intrapersonal factors, spiritual factors and environmental factors with 9 sub-themes Depressing factors can also be placed in the four main themes of reducing citizenship ethics, annoying thoughts, feelings of rejection and feelings of insecurity with 5 sub-themes. The results indicate that family and spirituality have the most fundamental role in increasing the comfort of students, and on the other hand, the reduction of citizenship ethics and the presence of annoying thoughts in the minds of students are the most important factors in depressing. However, other factors are also important in these two areas. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - The Prediction of Personality Disorders based on Complex Trauma and Object Relations with the Mediating of Ego Empowerment in Student teachers
Jamshid Jarareh Omid Seifouri

20.1001.1.18808436.1402.27.1.2.6

The aim of this study was to examine the prediction of personality disorders based on complex trauma and object relations with the mediating of ego empowerment. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study was all ma More

The aim of this study was to examine the prediction of personality disorders based on complex trauma and object relations with the mediating of ego empowerment. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study was all male and female undergraduate students of Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University in Tehran in the first semester of the academic year 2020-2021. A total of 161 girls and boys participated in this study by available random sampling method. To collect research data, Scales of Personality Questionnaire (SCID-II), Bell Object Relationship Questionnaire (BORI), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Ego Empowerment Scale (PIES) were used. The collected data were analyzed through Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis. The findings showed Complex trauma and object relationships with the mediating role of ego empowerment predict personality disorders in student-teachers. And there is a relationship between personality disorders and complex trauma, between personality disorders and object relationships, and between personality disorders and ego empowerment in student-teachers. Also, object relationships with the mediating role of ego empowerment predict personality disorders in student-teachers. In general, when a childhood complex trauma and weak object relations with parents develops in the student teachers, the ego also grows poorly, and as a result, the student teachers are exposed to personality disorders Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - The Effectiveness of Self-Compassion Intervention on Impulsivity among the Students Experienced Romantic Breakup
Mohsen Badakhshan Mehdireza Sarafraz Mahdi Imani

20.1001.1.18808436.1401.26.4.7.0

The present study aims at exploring the effectiveness and continuity of the effect of self-compassion intervention on the impulsivity of students who have experienced a romantic breakup. We used a semi-experimental research design with pre-test, post-test, and one-month More

The present study aims at exploring the effectiveness and continuity of the effect of self-compassion intervention on the impulsivity of students who have experienced a romantic breakup. We used a semi-experimental research design with pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up with a control group. The population includes all the students who were studying at 98-99 in Shiraz universities. We selected 27 students (12 in the experimental and 15 in the control group) by convenience sampling, in accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria. To gather the data, Neff’s Self-Compassion Scale and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale were used. In the experimental group, Neff’s self-compassion intervention was conducted (in eight sixty-minute sessions), but there was no intervention in the control group. Finally, the data were analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance. Results demonstrated that self-compassion intervention was effective in decreasing impulsivity in the students who have experienced romantic breakups; the effectiveness also continued in the one-month follow-up. Self-compassion could decrease impulsivity by reducing the unpleasant feeling stemming from falling the self-worth and self-esteem occurring after a romantic breakup. It also decreases impulsivity by increasing self-awareness and self-control. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - The Relationship between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Academic Procrastination with the Mediating Role of Personality Traits and Perfectionism
sadegh hekmatiyan fard Seyed Mousa Golestaneh

20.1001.1.18808436.1402.27.1.4.8

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and Academic procrastination with the mediating role of personality traits and perfectionism. The method of the present study is descriptive-correlational and was performed by st More

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and Academic procrastination with the mediating role of personality traits and perfectionism. The method of the present study is descriptive-correlational and was performed by structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study consisted of 8640 students of Persian Gulf University in 1400. 301 students were selected by available sampling method and completed the maladaptive schemas questionnaire (ISQ), active procrastination scale (APS), passive procrastination scale (PPS), Hexaco personality questionnaire (HPQ) and multidimensional perfectionist structures questionnaire (MPCQ) Structural equation model and SPSS and AMOS software were used to analyze the data. The results of structural equation model showed that the direct relationship between maladaptive schema variable with perfectionism and maladaptive schema with personality traits is significant. Also, the direct relationship between personality traits and Academic procrastination was significant, but the direct relationship between perfectionism and Academic procrastination was not significant. Indirect relationships of incompatible schema with Academic procrastination were also significant through personality traits, but indirect relationships of incompatible schema with Academic procrastination through perfectionism were not significant. Based on the research findings, we conclude that maladaptive schemas are well associated with Academic procrastination through personality traits. At the end, the necessary suggestions were presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - The Mediating Role of Emotional Control in the Relationship Between Basic Psychological Needs and the Tendency to Use Drugs in Students
ali vatandost Arslan , Khan Mohammadi - Jamal Sadeghi Rajab Ali Mohammadzadeh

20.1001.1.18808436.1402.27.2.6.2

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of emotional control in the relationship between basic psychological needs and the tendency to use drugs in students. The current research was carried out by correlation type and using the More

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of emotional control in the relationship between basic psychological needs and the tendency to use drugs in students. The current research was carried out by correlation type and using the statistical method of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study was all secondary school students of Noord city in the academic year of 1401-1400; And the research sample included 250 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The questionnaires that were considered to collect information from the sample group were: Substance Abuse Propensity Questionnaire (IAPS), Basic Psychological Needs Questionnaire (BSNQ; Guardia, Desi and Ryan, 2000), Emotional Control Scale (ECQ2) by Roger and Nashover (1987). Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used for statistical analysis of data. The results showed that basic psychological needs have an effect on the tendency to use drugs both directly and indirectly through emotional control. In general, according to the results, it can be said that emotional control plays a mediating role in the relationship between basic psychological needs and the tendency to use drugs in students. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Explaining the prediction model of students' marital conflicts based on basic needs
Kobra Ghasemi moghaddam Abdollah Shafiabady Asghar Sharifi

20.1001.1.18808436.1402.27.1.9.3

The aim of this study was to explain the model of predicting marital conflicts of students based on basic needs. This study is of descriptive method and the design is correlational based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all married st More

The aim of this study was to explain the model of predicting marital conflicts of students based on basic needs. This study is of descriptive method and the design is correlational based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all married students of 4 Azad University of Tehran in 2018. A sample of 172 students of Islamic Azad University (131 females, 41 males) were selected by cluster sampling method and within each cluster through purposive sampling method. Data were collected using marital conflict questionnaire (MCQ) and Glaser's basic needs questionnaire (GBNQ) and analyzed using spss-22 software. The findings indicated that there is a significant positive relationship between the levels of satisfaction of basic needs. The correlation between marital conflicts with the need for love and belonging and the need to pleasure is also negative and significant. The correlation between the five basic needs is positive and significant; therefore, marital conflicts can be predicted using basic needs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Psychometric Indices of Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale: A Factor for Predicting Students’ Academic Procrastination
hamidreza hassanabadi seyed saeed torabi

In the last few decades, sensation-seeking has been noticed as a complex, dynamic, and multidimensional personality trait that affects risky behaviors. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the psychometric properties of Zuckerman's sensation seekin More

In the last few decades, sensation-seeking has been noticed as a complex, dynamic, and multidimensional personality trait that affects risky behaviors. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the psychometric properties of Zuckerman's sensation seeking scale among undergraduate students. Among the undergraduate students of Damghan city 260 people were selected by following the inclusion and exclusion criteria using a multi-stage random cluster sampling method in May 2020. Then, they responded to Zuckerman's (1971) sensation seeking, Pintrich and DeGroot (1990) self-efficacy and McCloskey and Silzo (2015) academic procrastination scales in the same order. The results showed that the four-factor structure of sensitivity to monotony, experience-seeking, adventure, and disinhibition of Zuckerman's sensation-seeking scale had a favorable fit with the data and their internal consistency reliability ranged from 0.61 for adventure to 0.78 for sensitivity. Correlation coefficients of sensation seeking subscales with self-efficacy scale to estimate divergent validity indicated non-significant and negative values in line with hypothesis confirmation. The findings of the step-by-step multiple regression also showed that the components of sensitivity to monotony and adventure could explain 27% of the variance of academic procrastination. It seems that the results of the present study provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the sensation-seeking scale as a strong tool for measuring the risky and sensation-seeking behaviors of adolescents by researchers, therapists, and counselors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Investigating the Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Lay Beliefs about Competition Scale
Mohsen Arbezi

This study aimed to investigate the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Persian version of the lay beliefs about competition scale (Kesebir et al., 2019) in a group of Iranian high school students. For this purpose, 464 students of Evaz city, located in More

This study aimed to investigate the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Persian version of the lay beliefs about competition scale (Kesebir et al., 2019) in a group of Iranian high school students. For this purpose, 464 students of Evaz city, located in the south of Fars province, who were studying in the academic year of 2022-2023; they were selected Convenience sampling method. They responded to the lay beliefs about competition scale (Kesebir et al., 2019) and achievement goals questionnaire (Elliott et al., 2011). The content, construct, convergent and divergent validity of the mentioned scale were investigated using the opinion of educational psychology experts, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation coefficients of component scores with related variables and correlation between scale components. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to investigate the reliability of the scale. Experts confirmed the representativeness of the scale items to measure the positive and negative lay beliefs about competition in the two-factor model presented by Kesebir et al. (2019). Exploratory factor analysis showed that there is a two-factor structure of lay beliefs about competition including positive and negative beliefs about competition among Iranian students. The lay beliefs about competition model test includes positive beliefs and negative beliefs confirming the two-factor structure of this scale in line with the main research. Also, the logical connection of the components of positive and negative lay beliefs about competition with the components of achievement goals indicates the convergent validity of this scale. The average correlation of two positive and negative components of the lay beliefs about competition confirms the divergent validity of this scale. In addition, Cronbach's alpha coefficients confirm the reliability of the scale. In total, the findings of the research show that the Persian version of the mentioned scale has suitable psychometric indicators for measuring positive and negative lay beliefs about competition in the group of Iranian high school students; and it has the necessary efficiency to measure the mentioned beliefs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - The Effect of Training of Words with Similar Phonetic Letters on Students Dictation Skill
Masoume Pourmohamad Reza Tajrishi

The present study aimed to determine the effect of training of words with similar phonetic letters on dictation skill to 3rd grade students in elementary schools. In this experimental study, sixty 3rd grade students who had problems in dictation of words with similar ph More

The present study aimed to determine the effect of training of words with similar phonetic letters on dictation skill to 3rd grade students in elementary schools. In this experimental study, sixty 3rd grade students who had problems in dictation of words with similar phonetic letters (according to the scores of dictation, teacher’s comments and the scores of 10 recent dictations) selected from elementary school randomly. and assigned to experimental and control groups in equal. The experimental group participated in 27 sessions and were educated by the words with similar phonetic letters. Two groups evaluated by teacher-made dictation test again after the last session. The scores of the two groups analyzed by independent t-test and two factors analysis of variances. Results showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.001) between mean scores of the two groups. Also, interactive effect of group and gender was significant (p<0.001) on decrease of dictation errors. In sum, it can be concluded that the training method in the present study, has improved dictation skill of students who had problems in dictation of words with similar phonetic letters. It is recommended that this method might be effective in training of students in addition to the running method. Manuscript profile

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